The Third Revolution? Peasant and Worker Resistance to the Bolshevik Government

The Makhnovist movement of the Ukraine is the best known of the revolutionary oppositions to the Bolshevik regime. But it was not the only radical challenge the Bolsheviks faced from below. Numerous peasants revolts occurred in the years 1920–22, aiming not to restore the old regime but to defend themselves from the new one. Nick Heath here examines their extent, causes and limitations.